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Interagency Ecological Program: Benthic invertebrate monitoring in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Bay-Delta, collected by the Environmental Monitoring Program, 1975-2025.

The Interagency Ecological Program’s (IEP) Environmental Monitoring Program (EMP) was initiated in compliance with the Water Right Decision D-1379 (now mandated by Water Right Decision D-1641) and has monitored benthic invertebrate macrofauna in the upper San Francisco Estuary (SFE) since 1975. The objectives of the EMP are to obtain consistent and accurate monthly data at established monitoring stations and to report this information for the purpose of management and conservation of the upper San Francisco Estuary. While the EMP also collects discrete and continuous water quality data, along with phytoplankton and zooplankton data, this dataset only includes the benthic invertebrate data collected by the EMP. EMP monitors invertebrate communities in the benthos of the SFE by collecting dredge samples with a Ponar sampler. Sediment and particles smaller than 0.5mm are removed from the sample using a sieve table. The invertebrates present are preserved in formalin, identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level, and enumerated. Currently, samples are collected monthly at 10 sites across the range of salinities found in the SFE. Four replicate dredge samples are collected at each site. The frequency of sampling, number and identity of sampling sites, and number of replicate samples has changed through the 50+ years of monitoring effort, in response to changes in perceived need for data. Links to other EMP datasets can be found on the EMP website: https://www.empdata.org/general/data-links.html or can be found on EDI for searching for "Environmental Monitoring Program" and "San Francisco". ## About This Federated Record This CNRA Open Data Platform record is based on metadata federated from the Environmental Data Initiative (EDI) Data Portal. Its purpose is to improve the discoverability of the data package through the CNRA Open Data Platform. The EDI Data Portal is the repository of record for this data package. Metadata, resource links, and supporting information displayed here may not reflect the latest updates available in EDI. Resources shown here—including Full Metadata, Provenance, and Data Quality Report—are provided to help users understand and evaluate the data package and the supporting information available from EDI. For the current data package, citation, DOI, data files, metadata, provenance, data quality documentation, revision history, and other supporting information, refer to the EDI data package landing page: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/metadataviewer?packageid=edi.1036.7&key=vqSpNwnbe91Bi8trB5RY25CoPD4 Access requirements, permissions, and authorization policies for resources hosted by EDI are established and managed independently of the CNRA Open Data Platform.

Data files

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Supporting files

Data title and descriptionAccess dataFile detailsLast updated

DWR Benthic raw count data 1975-2025

Benthic invertebrate raw data from upper San Francisco Estuary, monitored by the Environmental Monitoring Program, 1975-2025. This data file is too large to open in most spreadsheet programs, and is most easily handled with a coding language like R or Python. The count data are the original counts of organisms per 0.052 m2 Ponar dredge sample.

CSV (EXTERNAL DOWNLOAD)
09/25/26

DWR Benthic CPUE data 1975-2025

Benthic invertebrate CPUE data from upper San Francisco Estuary, monitored by the Environmental Monitoring Program, 1975-2025. This data is intended for a more casual user, and is condensed from the raw dataset to be more tractable for spreadsheet programs. The data have been converted to CPUE (organisms/m2), replicate grabs have been averaged for each site visit, and all non-occurrence (zero) data for a site visit has been removed (but can be re-added by pivoting to wide format).

CSV (EXTERNAL DOWNLOAD)
09/25/26

DWR benthic monitoring, active and historic site locations

DWR benthic monitoring site names, descriptions, coordinates, and status

CSV (EXTERNAL DOWNLOAD)
09/25/26

DWR benthic monitoring, organism keylist

This data table lists all species that have been found, or were expected to be found, in the course of the Environmental Monitoring Program's mandated monitoring and special studies, including work outside the geographic bounds of this sampling program. Not all species listed here are found in the sampling data, and this data table is neither a definitive species list detected by our program, nor a metric of species richness. This data table is provided as a convenience to data users and sampling staff about what species might conceivably be found by benthic sampling in the upper San Francisco Estuary.

CSV (EXTERNAL DOWNLOAD)
09/25/26

DWR benthic monitoring, sediment analysis 1975-2022

This dataset contains sediment analysis, conducted by DWR's Bryte Soils Laboratory. Grain size analysis (ASTM Test Designation D 422-63 (2007), "Particle-Size Analysis of Soils") and organic content (ASTM Test Designation D2974-07a, "Moisture, Ash and Organic Matter of Peat Materials," Method C") were determined on a 500 mL sample of the sediment. The sediment samples were subsets of standard size Ponar grab.

CSV (EXTERNAL DOWNLOAD)
09/25/26

DWR Benthic monitoring, total annual site visits, 1975-2025

This data table documents how many site visits were conducted at each site in each year. It is provided as a convenience to data users who want to understand the structure of the data record, and compare levels of sampling effort at different times through the period of record. Since many sites were visited for only part of the period of EMP's sampling and there are many more historic than active sites, documenting the site visits in data table form was more precise than writing a narrative description.

CSV (EXTERNAL DOWNLOAD)
09/25/26

DWR Benthic monitoring, total annual grab samples, 1975-2025

This data table documents how many total grab samples were collected at each site in each year. It is provided as a convenience to data users who want to understand the structure of the data record, and compare levels of sampling effort at different times through the period of record. Since many sites were visited for only part of the period of EMP's sampling and there are many more historic than active sites, documenting the number of grab samples in data table form was more precise than writing a narrative description.

CSV (EXTERNAL DOWNLOAD)
09/25/26

DWR Benthic monitoring, missing data

This data table compiles the occasions on which benthic invertebrate data does not exist for a survey site in a given month. It was was compiled by reviewing the data record of site visits and grab totals. Data was designated as missing all grabs on a given date if the site had been sampled at dates both earlier and later than the date in question; many of the early "missing" dates may not be truly missing, since since the sampling design from 1975-mid 1979 was still being settled. Data was counted as missing some grab samples when the total grabs taken at a site in a given month was smaller than the number taken at other sites in in that month.

CSV (EXTERNAL DOWNLOAD)
09/25/26

Provenance Metadata

This method step describes provenance-based metadata as specified in the LTER EML Best Practices. This provenance metadata does not contain entity specific information.

HTML
09/25/26

Full Metadata

A link to the original metadata web page on the EDI Portal

HTML
09/25/26

Dataset Quality Report

A link to the EDI Quality Metadata Page

HTML
09/25/26

API endpoint

Dataset Name

Use the query web API to retrieve data with a set of basic parameters. Copy the API endpoint you need to start.

Usage documentation